Panel: Offshore Receiving Terminal Projects
The most active area of LNG marinization currently is terminal development. In the United States, eight offshore terminals are in development stages. More may follow. This panel will review several under-construction and planned offshore LNG projects. Each panelist is asked to provide first an update of his or her project. Then, the panel will be opened to discuss such issues as timing, economics, certification, security, capacities and expansion capabilities.

Panelists:
Kathleen Eisbrenner, president, Excelerate Energy
No company is as advanced in building offshore LNG terminals than Excelerate Energy. When its Excelsior is delivered in December, the ship will mark the completion of the world's first offshore terminal. Excelerate Energy is in the process of constructing a deepwater turret and buoy on Block 603, West Cameron Area, South Addition, in the Gulf of Mexico approximately 116 miles south of the Louisiana coast as the mooring mechanism for the Energy Bridge vessels as ell as the delivery mechanism for the natural gas. In April, Excelerate ordered a third Energy Bridge ship from DSME for delivery in the fourth quarter 2006. More terminals may soon follow, possibly along the U.S. East Coast

David Landry, vice president, Freeport McMoRan Energy LLC
Freeport-McMoRan submitted its license application to the U.S. Coast Guard for the development of a $440 million LNG receiving terminal at Main Pass Energy Hub™ in March. The proposed terminal, some 37 miles east of Venice, La., would be capable of receiving and conditioning one billion cubic feet per day (bcfd) and is being designed to accommodate potential future expansions. The facilities will have substantial underground storage. Aggregate peak delivery from the proposed terminal, including delivery from storage would total 2.5 bcfd. The facility could be operational by late 2007, which would make MPEH the world's second operational offshore terminal.

Bill Perkins, president, Crystal Energy
Crystal Energy filed an application with the U.S. Coast Guard Jan. 27, announcing Alaskan North Slope gas as its source of LNG. The Coast Guard filing will take a year to complete under the guidelines from the Deepwater Port Act Amendments. Crystal's port project would use Platform Grace off Santa Barbara Channel for the terminal. The company signed a memorandum of understanding with the Alaska Gas Pipeline Authority (AGPA) for supply of up to 800 million cubic feet of gas per day for 20 years through its Crystal Clearwater Port facility.

Craig Taylor, president, HNG Storage
The site for the Freedom LNG Import Terminal is located off the central coast of Louisiana in 70 feet of water. Two unique attributes of the Freedom terminal include (1) salt cavern storage rather than conventional cryogenic tank storage and (2) a weather-veining dock rather than a gravity-based structure or fixed platform dock. The terminal will connect to the gas pipeline grid through existing offshore pipelines, which lie in close proximity. Taylor will describe this project, the unique technology his team intends to use at the terminal, and the economic and other advantages to their approach.

Panel: Updates in Offshore Structure Designs
The purpose of this panel is to review four types of terminal designs: (1) gravity-based systems (GBS); (2) existing production platforms; (3) floating storage regas units; and (4) regas ships. Each panelist is an authority in one or more of these designs. They will be asked to provide an update of their technology, their potential for capacity expansion, possible access by 250,000-cm LNG carriers, the challenges for offshore permitting, and the impact of higher raw material prices on their capex.

1) Gravity-Based Systems (GBS)
Greg Pepper, vice president, Aker Kvaerner
Aker-Kvaerner is involved in the design, engineering and/or construction for three high-profile offshore LNG terminals: Port Pelican (Chevron Texaco); Baja California (Chevron Texaco), and the North Adriatic Sea (ExxonMobil). Other projects may follow in the Gulf of Mexico or North Sea. The company manufactures concrete GBS structures.

2) Existing Product Platforms
Bill Bennett, president, Bennett & Associates
Bennett is involved in the design and engineering of two platform conversion projects: the Main Pass Energy Hub and Platform Grace.

3) Floating, Storage, & Regasification Units (FSRU)
Bjørn K. Markussen, senior advisor, floating midstream solutions, Höegh LNG
An FSRU has been proposed off the coast of Southern California. Other locations are being considered. Höegh LNG, an operator of four LNG transport ships and two newbuildings on order, has developed a FSRU design. Markussen will discuss the ideal applications for their design and their state of development.

4) Regasification Ships
David Lim, general manager, Exmar Shipping USA
April 15, 2004, the third Energy Bridge regasification LNG vessel was ordered by Excelerate Energy and Exmar NV from Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) for delivery in the fourth quarter 2006. The vessel will be owned 50-50 by Exmar and Excelerate with the latter chartering the vessel for 20 years. Lim will describe the operation and economics of the LNG regas vessel (LNGRV) design.

Jens Kaalstad, President, APL, Inc.
With the order of the third regas ship, this technology is almost assured to be an alternative means of landing LNG into markets. APL is supplying the STL turret-and-buoy system - in essence the terminal - to connect to the Sea Robin and Bluewater Pipelines. Kaalstad will discuss the STL turret-and-buoy system which links the regas ship to the pipeline.

Certification Issues
A key element in the siting and construction of offshore LNG terminals is obtaining the necessary permits. The international gas carrier code has been an important base from which to design stationary offshore terminals, floating liquefaction and regas ships. Two speakers are highly qualified to discuss the issues surrounding certification of offshore LNG facilities.

Are Regulator's Catching On to Offshore LNG?
William H. Daughdrill, principal environmental scientist, Ecology & Environment, Inc.
Prior to joining Ecology & Environment, Lieutenant Commander (ret.) Daughdrill was the Chief of the Commercial Vessel Safety Branch of the United States Coast Guard's (USCG's) Eighth District Office in New Orleans, Louisiana. He has assisted in the regulatory filings for three of the eight proposed offshore LNG terminal projects in the United States. Daughdrill will review (1) the strengths and weaknesses of the current United States offshore LNG regulatory system, (2) how this system relates to what is evolving overseas, and (3) important lessons learned from the three offshore LNG terminal projects on which he has worked.

From Gas Carriers to Offshore Regasification - How the Classification Societies and Administrations Intend to Assure Safe and Environmental yet Economic Offshore LNG Facilities
Phillip Rynn, senior staff consultant, American Bureau of Shipping
Rynn has held various positions at ABS on the Ship Engineering Department, participating in the Tanker Structure Cooperative, SNAME Hull Structures Committee and the Ship Structures Subcommittee. He will discuss what ABS has learned from containment systems on LNG carrier vessels and then describe how classifications will work for new types of terminals, such as GBS, FSRU, converted platforms and regas ships. Rynn will also address how the classification societies will work with the administrations, focusing on the USCG, with particular emphasis on the Gulf Coast.

Panel: Disruptive Technologies That Could Change the Competitive Dynamics of Offshore LNG

Vacuum-Insulated Piping
John W. Bonn, business development manager, Chart Industries
Chart's static vacuum insulated, laminar radiation-shielded piping is offered in rigid and flexible styles with inner line diameters up to 24 inches. Larger diameters are being consider.

Ambient Air Vaporization
Ned P. Baudat, midstream project management, Mustang Engineering, L.P.
Mustang has designed an air exchanger system with water condensation contribution for offshore applications, trademarked "LNG Smart," which it says will save as much as $25 million per year relative to submerged combustion vaporization for a 1.0BCFD terminal.

Saipem's New Floating LNG Terminals
Olivier Lenormand, Saipem S.A.
Saipem, through its subsidiaries, SN Technigaz and Moss Maritime, views LNG gravity based structures, floating LNG terminals & FLNG FPSOs as interesting future potential markets. The Saipem speaker will outline their recent work in these areas.

Regas Terminals for Standard LNG Carriers
Claes W. Olsen, vice president business development, Remora Technology
Remora has divised an offshore receiving terminal, trademarked the Hi Load terminal, that is designed to fit any LNG carrier.

New Solutions for Production and Transport of Petroleum Offshore
Jens Korsgaard, president, Maritime Oil & Gas Corp.
Jens Korsgaard presents a new concept in LNG import terminals. The concept comprises transferring LNG directly to a new or existing delivery pipeline via a subsea booster pump and a heat exchanger that interacts directly with the surrounding seawater. Following transit of the heat exchanger piping the gas enters the delivery pipeline at near ambient temperature. The concept accommodates existing unmodified LNG tankers and has exceptionally low capital and operating costs.